is a system devised by the liberal economy expected to limit emissions of greenhouse gas emissions by businesses.
"A carbon credit is equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide. It allows the holder to emit more greenhouse gas emissions (compared to the rate prescribed by the Kyoto Protocol). They are awarded to states and companies involved in the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases ... The allocation of these funds is based on several mechanisms. One of between them is particularly interested the collaboration between industrialized and developing countries and is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which determines the grant of carbon credits to fund a proposed reduction in developing countries development ". Futura Environment .
" In fact, the majority of carbon credit trading is not managed by the industries concerned legally by quotas but by banks and investors begin to speculate on carbon credits, and create financial products becoming more complex, similar to derivatives subprime that led to the current financial crisis (...) The carbon market, mainly based in Europe amounted to 126 billion dollars in 2008. It could exceed 3000 billion dollars by 2020 if global market is created, attracting speculators mass ". Friends of the Earth, which further emphasizes that these credits " could be the 'cause the next financial crisis, because of the almost total absence regulation of these markets. A market collapse would have catastrophic effects not only on the global economy but also on the climate. "
But " From their distribution, the funds have been suspicious financial transactions. In March 2010, some Hungarian companies have already allocated and sold on the markets, of "hot air" in the jargon : 800 tons of carbon credits "already rejected" by companies based in Hungary and found a buyer outside the EU. Misuse of the system which has authorized the release of 1600 tonnes of CO2 instead of half! " and " carbon credits have long since left the pockets of businesses to fall into the hands of banks and other fund management ". Owni , who adds: " Since the establishment of carbon markets in 2005, products "structured" (financial products whose value depends on the movements of the equity) had been created from carbon credits. On the markets "to term "they allowed to speculate about obtaining carbon credits" .
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